<Home> <Islam> <Islamic Civilization> <Ghurids>
Features of Unity in the Civilization of the Islamic World
Islamic Civlization in Asia
They put an end to Ghaznawid rule in India and captured their base in Lahore and founded the second Islamic state in India called the Ghurid state (543-613 A.H. 1148-1215 A.D.) named after Ghur mountains in Afghanistan between Herat and Ghazna, currently known as Hindustan. Sultans of this state did not remain in India permanently; instead, they settled in their capital Ghazna and ruled India through their Turkish Mamluks.
Sultan Mohammed El Ghurid bought large numbers of mamluks and looked after their education and prepared them for invasion and holy war. It is reported that whenever he was reminded of the necessity of having a son to preserve his rule, he used to say: I have thousands of sons i.e. Turkish Mamluks". Some of these mamluks became rulers and leaders like Yildiz, ruler of Ghazna, and Nasir al-Din Kubacha, in the Sind, and Qutb al-Din Aybak, in Delhi, with the strongest influence. Thus, Mohammed al-Ghurid managed, thanks to his mamluks especially Aybak, to capture all Indian lands to the north of the Vindhya mountains as far as the mouth of the Ganges river. Islam spread there; its Hindu temples were changed into mosques and its rajas paid tribute.
In 603 A.H. (1206 A.D.) Sultan Mohammed al-Ghurid was assassinated on banks of the River Sind by a radical member of Ismailia sect. On his death, Ghazna and Ghur disappeared and were replaced by Delhi as the Islamic capital for the Mamluk Sultans in India.
Islam also liberated humans from worshipping anyone but Allah, because the worshipping of Man to beings is a cancellation to his mind and entity and a suspension of his potential, both material and moral. Islam also lifted man above all other doctrines by linking him directly with his creator, through a spiritual and material bridge, contrary to all preceding religions that separated individuals from their creator by mediators, frames and theological rituals.
In the mane of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful:
"They have taken as Lords beside Allah their rabbis and their monks". (9:32) Allah the Almighty also said:
"Hast thou seen him who chooseth for his god his own lust? Wouldst thou then be guardian over him. Or deemest thou that most of them hear or understand? They are but as the cattlenay, but they are farther astray" (25: 43-44) .